Density sources

Loose, as delivered. Four producers and yards across three states. The verifier dropped one yard's 3,500 lb per cubic yard ceiling because it implies a 22 percent void fraction, which loose gravel cannot reach.

Two suppliers survived the independence check. Three were dropped: one prints the same weight on eight unrelated products, one shares its figure with a crushed granite page, and one had been superseded by its own calculator.

Fewer than three independent suppliers. Treat as provisional.

Loose. The verifier brought the top of this range down from 1,780 after finding the figure behind it came from an article quoting gradings that yard does not stock.

Loose, as delivered. Two suppliers. A third was dropped after the verifier showed its loose and compacted pair were two ordering factors applied to the same in-place volume, not two measurements.

Fewer than three independent suppliers. Treat as provisional.

Loose, as delivered, including AASHTO and ASTM No. 57 stone. A producer figure of 105 lb per cubic foot was dropped because it implies 37 percent voids, below the ASTM C29 floor for loose open-graded stone, so it is a compacted number being averaged with loose ones.

Loose, as delivered, which is what you order. Ohio and Wisconsin DOT quote the same material at 2,076 to 2,375 kg per cubic metre compacted in place, which is why the waste default on this page is higher.

Two suppliers. Two more were dropped after the verifier found both print 2,500 lb per cubic yard on every product they sell, rip rap and wash rock included.

Fewer than three independent suppliers. Treat as provisional.

Fill dirt is not topsoil and is not screened, so it varies more than almost anything else here. Two suppliers survived: one contradicted itself by a factor of 2.6 within a single article, and another's prose disagreed with its own product data by 400 lb per cubic yard.

Fewer than three independent suppliers. Treat as provisional.

One supplier. Riprap grading varies enormously by project, so treat this as a placeholder until your own supplier states theirs.

Fewer than three independent suppliers. Treat as provisional.

Dry. Damp sand weighs materially more, and no supplier states a moisture condition alongside its figure.

Finer than concrete sand and quoted heavier.

Washed and screened, quoted lighter than concrete sand.

Bedding sand under pavers. Quoted loose, before screeding and compaction.

UK concreting sand. Merchants quote 1.5 to 1.8 tonnes per cubic metre.

UK bricklaying sand, also sold as soft sand and plastering sand.

Fewer than three independent suppliers. Treat as provisional.

Normal weight concrete as placed, unreinforced. Four of the five independent sources land within 3 kg of 2,400, which is why the midpoint is the modal value rather than the arithmetic mean.

No supplier states a moisture condition, and topsoil after rain is much heavier than the same soil dry. The band is wide because the material is.

Blended raised bed mixes are lighter than screened topsoil.

The widest band on the site. One UK supplier publishes a 50 percent internal spread, 400 to 600 kg, for the same one cubic metre bag.

Dry. Bark near 200 kg per cubic metre can roughly double after heavy rain, which puts a wet load above the top of this band.

Species and moisture both move this. Hardwood chip runs heavier than softwood.

Ordered loose, laid compacted. The low end is the loose delivered figure and the high end is compacted in place.

A demolition by-product, so the mix of concrete, brick and tarmac varies load to load.

Recycled aggregate. Composition varies by source.

UK 20mm decorative gravel. Merchants publish this as coverage, typically one bulk bag over 10 square metres at 50mm.

Flat and platy, so it beds down thinner than round gravel at the same stated depth.

All-in aggregate, sand and stone together. Screened and washed grades differ.

Fewer than three independent suppliers. Treat as provisional.

Larger stone leaves larger voids, so cobbles are quoted lighter than their rock density suggests.

Australian suppliers publish loose and compacted separately. Loose runs 1.5 to 1.9 tonnes per cubic metre, compacted 2.2 to 2.4.

Crushed basalt. Quoted loose by Australian yards.

Loose to compacted. Crusher dust binds hard under a plate compactor.

The lightest aggregate on the site. Volcanic and full of voids.